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READING WEATHER CHARTS
The most visible details
on the weather chart are the presence of weather stations and frontal
lines. Fronts are indicated with colored curves: red
for warm fronts, blue for cold
fronts, and red/blue
for occluded
fronts. The time the image
was created is displayed in "Zulu" time, which is used in
aviation (eg. 16Z). Zulu simply means the time at the Greenwich
meridian (you therefore have to substract 4 from it during the summer
(EDT = Eastern Daylight Saving Time) and 5 during the winter (EST
= Eastern Standard Time) to get the Montréal time). |
 Weather
stations are indicated by a circle with an arrow. The circle indicates
the fraction of the sky covered by clouds. An empty circle indicates
a clear sky, a half colored circle indicates a broken sky, while
a colored circle indicates an overcast. Precipitation echoes are
also visible on the radar with different hues, green representing
light precipitation, and heavy downpours represented by red or brown
hues. In the adjacent image, the sky is covered towards the west,
whereas cape Hatteras is still experiencing clear skies. |
 The
arrow adjacent to the circle indicates the wind bearing. Barbs
on the arrow indicate wind strength: 0.5 barb = 5 knots; 1 barb
= 10 knots; 1.5 barb = 15 knots; 2 barbs = 20 knots, so on so forth...).
When no barb is present, winds are calm... and we windsurfers hate
that!!! On the adjacent image, the wind is generally from the west
with speeds ranging from 5 to 25 knots. |
 On
the left of the circle are two numbers. The top one is the real
temperature while the bottom one is the dew point temperature (i.e.
the temperature at which water vapour condenses), both in degrees
Fahrenheit. The smaller the difference between the two temperatures,
the higher the Relative Humidity is. In the adjacent case, the temperatures
fall between 73 and 75 degrees with dew points in the 51 to 58 degree
range, which is typical in Florida during a clear winter day. |
 Last,
but not least, the curves on the map dividing High (Anticyclone)
and Low (Depression or Cyclone) pressure areas are called isobars
(which are in fact lines of equal atmospheric pressure). The
closer isobars are, the larger the pressure difference is over
a given area, the windier it is. Note on the image the 995
mb low pressure and the presence of snowfall west of the low pressure
represented by **. |
Finally, remember that between the poles and
the tropics, systems usually travel from West to East, and hence
what is West of you has generally more significance than what is
East of you. In the tropics and near the equator on the other hand,
winds are usually from the east, and therefore the opposite rule
will prevail. |
 
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Forecaster |
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